kvm搭建虚拟机，KVM虚拟机搭建与深度应用实践指南
KVM虚拟机搭建与深度应用实践指南，详细介绍了KVM的安装、配置及高级应用技巧，涵盖从基础搭建到复杂场景应用的全面指导。...
KVM虚拟机搭建与深度应用实践指南，详细介绍了KVM的安装、配置及高级应用技巧，涵盖从基础搭建到复杂场景应用的全面指导。
KVM简介
KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）是一种开源的虚拟化技术，它允许在一台物理服务器上运行多个虚拟机，这些虚拟机可以在同一台物理机上并行运行，KVM利用Linux内核来实现虚拟化，具有高性能、低延迟、高扩展性等特点，是当今主流的虚拟化技术之一。
KVM搭建虚拟机
1、准备环境
（1）硬件要求：CPU支持虚拟化技术（如Intel VT-x或AMD-V），内存至少2GB。
（2）操作系统：安装CentOS 7或Ubuntu 18.04等支持KVM的Linux操作系统。
2、安装KVM
（1）CentOS 7：
a. 使用root用户登录系统。
b. 安装KVM依赖包：
yum install libvirt libvirt-python libguestfs-tools virt-install -y
c. 安装KVM内核模块：
yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-python -y
（2）Ubuntu 18.04：
a. 使用root用户登录系统。
b. 安装KVM依赖包：
sudo apt-get install qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system -y
c. 安装KVM内核模块：
sudo apt-get install libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients libvirt-bin -y
3、启动KVM服务
（1）CentOS 7：
systemctl start libvirtd systemctl enable libvirtd
（2）Ubuntu 18.04：
systemctl start libvirtd systemctl enable libvirtd
4、创建虚拟机
使用virt-install命令创建虚拟机，以下以创建一个名为“kvm1”的CentOS 7虚拟机为例：
virt-install --name kvm1 --ram 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm1.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --noautoconsole
命令创建了一个具有2GB内存、2个CPU核心、20GB硬盘的CentOS 7虚拟机。
--name kvm1：虚拟机名称。
--ram 2048：分配的内存大小（单位：MB）。
--vcpus 2：分配的CPU核心数。
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm1.img,size=20：虚拟机硬盘路径及大小（单位：GB）。
--os-type linux：操作系统类型。
--os-variant rhel7：操作系统变体。
--graphics none：关闭图形界面。
--console pty,target_type=serial：开启串行控制台。
--network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio：使用桥接网络模式，桥接网桥名为virbr0。
--noautoconsole：关闭自动开启控制台。
5、启动虚拟机
使用virsh命令启动虚拟机：
virsh start kvm1
6、访问虚拟机
（1）CentOS 7：
使用VNC客户端连接虚拟机，IP地址为192.168.122.1（默认VNC端口为5900）。
（2）Ubuntu 18.04：
使用VNC客户端连接虚拟机，IP地址为192.168.122.1（默认VNC端口为5900）。
KVM深度应用实践
1、虚拟机快照
虚拟机快照可以帮助我们保存虚拟机的某个时间点的状态，以便在需要时恢复到该状态，以下以CentOS 7虚拟机为例：
virsh snapshot-create-as kvm1 snapshot1 virsh snapshot-list kvm1 virsh snapshot-revert kvm1 snapshot1
命令创建了一个名为“snapshot1”的快照，列出所有快照，恢复到名为“snapshot1”的快照。
2、虚拟机迁移
虚拟机迁移可以将虚拟机从一个物理服务器迁移到另一个物理服务器，以下以CentOS 7虚拟机为例：
（1）在源服务器上：
virt-install --name kvm2 --ram 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm2.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --noautoconsole --import /var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm1.img
命令将kvm1虚拟机导入到kvm2虚拟机。
（2）在目标服务器上：
virt-install --name kvm2 --ram 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm2.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --noautoconsole --import /var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm1.img
命令将kvm1虚拟机导入到kvm2虚拟机。
3、虚拟机集群
虚拟机集群可以将多个虚拟机组合成一个高性能、高可用的系统，以下以CentOS 7虚拟机为例：
（1）创建虚拟机：
a. 创建主虚拟机：
virt-install --name master --ram 4096 --vcpus 4 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/master.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --noautoconsole
b. 创建从虚拟机：
virt-install --name slave1 --ram 2048 --vcpus 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/slave1.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial --network bridge=virbr0,model=virtio --noautoconsole
（2）配置集群：
a. 安装集群管理工具：
yum install corosync pacemaker -y
b. 配置corosync：
corosync-cfgtool -s
c. 配置pacemaker：
pcs daemons pcs resource create --name master ocf:heartbeat:LSB-HAcontrol params="ip=192.168.122.1" op monitor interval=10s pcs constraint order master master pcs constraint colocation master with master INFINITY pcs constraint colocation master with slave1 INFINITY pcs constraint location master rsc_id=master pcs constraint location slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint colocation master with master rsc_id=master pcs constraint colocation master with slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint location master rsc_id=master pcs constraint location slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint colocation master with master rsc_id=master pcs constraint colocation master with slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint location master rsc_id=master pcs constraint location slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint colocation master with master rsc_id=master pcs constraint colocation master with slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint location master rsc_id=master pcs constraint location slave1 rsc_id=slave1 pcs constraint 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