kvm虚拟化网络配置，KVM虚拟机网络配置全攻略，从基础到进阶技巧详解
KVM虚拟化网络配置攻略，涵盖从基础到进阶技巧，详述KVM虚拟机网络配置方法，助您全面掌握虚拟化网络设置。...
KVM虚拟化网络配置攻略，涵盖从基础到进阶技巧，详述KVM虚拟机网络配置方法，助您全面掌握虚拟化网络设置。
KVM虚拟机网络配置概述
KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）是一款开源的虚拟化技术，具有高性能、轻量级、易于使用等特点，在KVM虚拟机中，网络配置是至关重要的环节，它直接影响着虚拟机的性能和稳定性，本文将详细讲解KVM虚拟机网络配置的各个方面，帮助读者从基础到进阶，全面掌握KVM虚拟机网络配置技巧。
KVM虚拟机网络配置基础
1、KVM虚拟机网络模式
KVM虚拟机网络模式主要有三种：NAT、桥接和用户模式。
（1）NAT模式：虚拟机通过网络地址转换（NAT）访问外部网络，虚拟机的IP地址由虚拟化主机分配，NAT模式适用于不需要直接访问外部网络的虚拟机。
（2）桥接模式：虚拟机与虚拟化主机处于同一网络中，拥有独立的IP地址，可以直接访问外部网络，桥接模式适用于需要直接访问外部网络的虚拟机。
（3）用户模式：虚拟机通过虚拟化主机的网络连接访问外部网络，虚拟机的网络性能受限于虚拟化主机的网络性能，用户模式适用于对网络性能要求不高的虚拟机。
2、KVM虚拟机网络配置步骤
（1）创建虚拟机网络接口
在KVM虚拟化主机上，首先需要创建虚拟机网络接口，可以使用virt-install或virsh命令创建。
使用virt-install创建一个名为vm1的虚拟机，并为其添加一个名为vm1net的桥接网络接口：
virt-install ...
--name vm1
--ram 2048
--vcpus 2
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img,size=20
--os-type linux
--os-variant ubuntu18.04
--network bridge=vm1net,model=virtio
（2）配置虚拟机网络接口
创建虚拟机网络接口后，需要为其配置IP地址、子网掩码、网关等信息，可以使用virsh net-update命令配置。
为vm1net网络接口配置IP地址192.168.1.10/24、网关192.168.1.1：
virsh net-update vm1net ip address 192.168.1.10/24 --live --config
virsh net-update vm1net gateway 192.168.1.1 --live --config
（3）启动虚拟机并测试网络
启动虚拟机，并使用ping命令测试网络连接是否正常。
KVM虚拟机网络配置进阶技巧
1、动态IP地址分配
在KVM虚拟机中，可以使用DHCP服务器动态分配IP地址，这需要配置虚拟化主机上的DHCP服务，并创建一个DHCP网络。
使用isc-dhcp-server软件配置DHCP服务：
sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
编辑/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf文件，添加以下内容：
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
重启DHCP服务并启动DHCP网络：
sudo systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server
sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server
2、虚拟交换机配置
虚拟交换机是KVM虚拟机网络配置的重要组成部分，它负责连接虚拟机网络接口和物理网络接口，以下是一些虚拟交换机配置技巧：
（1）创建虚拟交换机
使用virsh命令创建虚拟交换机：
virsh net-create vmnet --bridge=br0 --mode=user
（2）配置虚拟交换机
编辑虚拟交换机配置文件（/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/vmnet.xml），添加以下内容：
<name>vmnet</name>
<forward mode='user'/>
<bridge name='br0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:00:00:00'/>
<ip address='192.168.1.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'/>
（3）启动虚拟交换机
virsh net-start vmnet
3、网络性能优化
（1）调整虚拟交换机队列大小
虚拟交换机队列大小会影响网络性能，可以调整队列大小来优化网络性能。
编辑虚拟交换机配置文件（/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/vmnet.xml），添加以下内容：
（2）调整虚拟机网络接口MTU
虚拟机网络接口MTU（最大传输单元）设置会影响网络性能，可以调整MTU值来优化网络性能。
编辑虚拟机配置文件（/etc/libvirt/qemu/nodes.xml），添加以下内容：
<mac address='52:54:00:00:00:00'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
<queue mode='by-device' group='0' spread='on' count='1024'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:00:00:00'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0a' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0b' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0c' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0d' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0e' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0f' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x10' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x11' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x12' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x13' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x14' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x15' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x16' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x17' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x18' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x19' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1a' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1b' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1c' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1d' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1e' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x20' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x21' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x22' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x23' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x24' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x25' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x26' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x27' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x28' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x29' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2a' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2b' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2c' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2d' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2e' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x2f' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x30' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x31' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x32' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x33' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x34' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x35' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x36' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x37' function='0x0'/>
<model type='virtio' backing='null'/>
<driver name='virtio' queues='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x38
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