对象存储 搭建，基于OpenStack的轻量级对象存储服务器搭建指南

本指南介绍如何基于OpenStack搭建轻量级对象存储服务器。涵盖环境准备、软件安装、配置和优化，助您快速构建高效、稳定的对象存储系统。

随着互联网技术的飞速发展，对象存储已成为大数据、云计算等领域的核心技术之一，OpenStack作为开源的云计算平台，具有强大的可扩展性和灵活性，可以方便地搭建轻量级对象存储服务器，本文将详细讲解如何基于OpenStack搭建一个高性能、高可靠性的对象存储服务器。

准备工作

1、硬件环境

（1）服务器：至少一台服务器，推荐配置为2核CPU、4GB内存、100GB硬盘。

（2）网络：千兆以太网接口，确保网络带宽。

2、软件环境

（1）操作系统：CentOS 7.4或Ubuntu 18.04。

（2）软件包：python3-pip、python3-dev、python3-virtualenv、python3-pytest、python3-testresources、python3-pytest-cov、python3-requests、python3-openstackclient、python3-devstack。

安装OpenStack

1、安装依赖包

在服务器上执行以下命令，安装依赖包：

sudo yum install -y python3-pip python3-dev python3-virtualenv python3-pytest python3-testresources python3-pytest-cov python3-requests python3-openstackclient python3-devstack

2、创建OpenStack虚拟环境

创建一个名为“devstack”的虚拟环境，并激活它：

virtualenv devstack
source devstack/bin/activate

3、配置devstack

编辑devstack中的localrc文件，修改以下参数：

export OPENSTACK和网络配置

4、启动OpenStack服务

执行以下命令，启动OpenStack服务：

source devstack/openrc admin admin

安装对象存储服务（Swift）

1、安装Swift

在devstack虚拟环境中，执行以下命令安装Swift：

source devstack/openrc admin admin
openstack-site-config set swift store_args s3file
openstack-site-config set swift installers swift-account swift-container swift-object
openstack-site-config set swift enabled true
openstack-site-config set swift enable_swiftaccount true
openstack-site-config set swift enable_swiftcontainer true
openstack-site-config set swift enable_swiftobject true
openstack-site-config set swift swiftaccount_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftcontainer_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftobject_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swiftobject swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_backend swiftfile
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_url http://controller:8080/v1
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_host controller
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint_type internal
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_transport http
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_storage PolicyObject
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftcontainer_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftobject_endpoint http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_{tenant}
openstack-site-config set swift swiftfile_swiftaccount_url http://