kvm硬件虚拟化，深入解析KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改，原理、步骤与实践

KVM硬件虚拟化深入解析KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改，涵盖原理、步骤与实践。本文详细介绍了KVM虚拟化技术，解析了硬件信息修改的方法，并提供了实际操作步骤，帮助读者全面了解KVM虚拟化技术。

随着虚拟化技术的不断发展，KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）作为一种开源的虚拟化技术，因其高性能、低资源消耗等特点，在服务器虚拟化领域得到了广泛应用，在KVM虚拟机中，硬件信息修改是保障虚拟机正常运行的关键，本文将深入解析KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改的原理、步骤与实践，帮助读者更好地理解和应用KVM虚拟化技术。

KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改原理

1、虚拟化技术简介

虚拟化技术是一种将物理硬件资源转换为逻辑资源的技术，通过虚拟化技术可以实现多个操作系统或应用程序在同一物理硬件上并行运行，KVM虚拟化技术基于Linux内核，通过修改硬件指令来实现虚拟化。

2、KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改原理

KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改主要涉及以下两个方面：

（1）虚拟化硬件参数设置：在创建虚拟机时，需要设置虚拟机的硬件参数，如CPU核心数、内存大小、硬盘大小等，这些参数通过修改虚拟机的配置文件来实现。

（2）动态修改硬件信息：在虚拟机运行过程中，可以通过修改虚拟机的配置文件或使用命令行工具来动态调整硬件信息，如增加或减少CPU核心数、内存大小等。

KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改步骤

1、修改虚拟机配置文件

（1）进入虚拟机配置文件目录：在Linux系统中，虚拟机的配置文件通常位于/etc/libvirt/qemu/目录下。

（2）查找虚拟机配置文件：使用ls命令列出目录下的文件，找到对应的虚拟机配置文件。

（3）编辑配置文件：使用文本编辑器（如vi、nano等）打开配置文件，查找与硬件信息相关的配置项，如<cpu>、<memory>、<disk>等。

（4）修改硬件信息：根据需要修改硬件信息，例如增加CPU核心数、内存大小等。

（5）保存并退出编辑器。

2、使用命令行工具修改硬件信息

（1）使用virt-install命令创建虚拟机时，可以指定硬件信息，如：

virt-install --name=vm1 --ram=2048 --vcpus=2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.img --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7

（2）使用virt-manager图形界面工具，可以直观地修改虚拟机的硬件信息。

（3）使用virsh命令行工具，可以动态修改虚拟机的硬件信息，如：

virsh setmem vm1 4096
virsh setvcpus vm1 2

KVM虚拟机硬件信息修改实践

1、修改虚拟机CPU核心数

（1）进入虚拟机配置文件目录：cd /etc/libvirt/qemu/

（2）查找虚拟机配置文件：ls | grep vm1.xml

（3）编辑配置文件：vi vm1.xml

（4）修改CPU核心数：

<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='none'>
  <model name='奔腾'/>
  <feature name='vmx'/>
  <feature name='svm'/>
  <feature name='lapic'/>
  <feature name='pae'/>
  <feature name='nx'/>
  <feature name='tsc deadlines'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de"/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_load'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_cr3_set'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_ept'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_rdt_msr'/>
  <feature name='hyperv_tlb_flush'/>
  <feature name='vmx_preemption_timer'/>
  <feature name='pdpe1gb'/>
  <feature name='smap'/>
  <feature name='cr8'/>
  <feature name='apic'/>
  <feature name='hyperv'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='vmx-preemption'/> <!-- 添加此行 -->
  <feature name='avx'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='fpu'/>
  <feature name='vme'/>
  <feature name='de'/>
  <feature name='pse'/>
  <feature name='tsc-in-tsc-deadline'/>
  <feature name='mce'/>
  <feature name='cx8'/>
  <feature name='apicv'/>
  <feature name='sse'/>
  <feature name='sse2'/>
  <feature name='ssse3'/>
  <feature name='sdbg'/>
  <feature name='fma'/>
  <feature name='xsave'/>
  <feature name='osxsave'/>
  <feature name='avx2'/>
  <feature name='f16c'/>
  <feature name='rdrand'/>
  <feature