kvm 虚拟机 网络设置，KVM虚拟机网络配置详解，RTL8139网卡驱动安装与优化

KVM虚拟机网络配置详解，涵盖RTL8139网卡驱动安装与优化。本文详细介绍了KVM虚拟机网络设置方法，包括配置网络接口、安装RTL8139网卡驱动及优化网络性能，以提升虚拟机网络运行效率。

随着虚拟化技术的普及，KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）作为一种开源的虚拟化解决方案，因其高效、稳定和易于部署等优势，被越来越多的用户所青睐，在网络配置方面，KVM虚拟机提供了多种网络模式，其中RTL8139网卡因其兼容性好、性能稳定而成为许多用户的首选，本文将详细介绍KVM虚拟机网络设置，包括RTL8139网卡驱动安装与优化。

RTL8139网卡驱动安装

1、查看虚拟机内核版本

在安装RTL8139网卡驱动之前，首先需要查看虚拟机的内核版本，打开虚拟机终端，执行以下命令：

uname -r

2、安装RTL8139网卡驱动

根据虚拟机的内核版本，下载相应的RTL8139网卡驱动，以下以CentOS 7为例，介绍如何安装RTL8139网卡驱动。

（1）安装依赖包

yum install kernel-headers-$(uname -r) kernel-devel-$(uname -r)

（2）下载RTL8139网卡驱动

从官方网站或其他渠道下载RTL8139网卡驱动源码包，以下以rtl8139-2.1.1.tar.gz为例。

（3）解压源码包

tar -zxvf rtl8139-2.1.1.tar.gz

（4）进入源码目录

cd rtl8139-2.1.1

（5）编译并安装驱动

make && make install

（6）加载驱动

modprobe rtl8139

3、验证驱动安装

在虚拟机终端执行以下命令，查看RTL8139网卡是否已成功安装：

lsmod | grep rtl8139

如果出现以下信息，则表示RTL8139网卡驱动已成功安装：

rtl8139               32768  0

KVM虚拟机网络模式

KVM虚拟机提供了以下几种网络模式：

1、桥接模式（Bridge）：将虚拟机与物理网络连接，实现与其他设备的通信。

2、NAT模式（NAT）：虚拟机通过物理主机的网络连接外部网络，外部网络无法直接访问虚拟机。

3、内部网络模式（Internal）：虚拟机之间可以通信，但无法与物理网络通信。

4、仅主机模式（Host-only）：虚拟机与物理主机在同一网络中，但无法与外部网络通信。

RTL8139网卡优化

1、设置最大传输单元（MTU）

MTU是指网络中数据包的最大传输单元，默认值为1500，如果需要提高网络传输速度，可以适当调整MTU值，以下以CentOS 7为例，介绍如何设置MTU。

（1）修改文件

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

（2）添加以下内容：

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 1717986912
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4