从零开始，如何通过开源代码搭建自己的云服务器

从零开始，搭建云服务器需先选择合适的云平台，如阿里云、腾讯云等，了解基础配置，如CPU、内存、带宽等，选择操作系统，如Linux、Windows等，通过SSH或远程桌面连接，安装必要的软件和配置防火墙，部署应用服务，如Web、数据库等，确保服务器稳定运行。

随着互联网技术的飞速发展,云计算已成为当今企业信息化建设的重要方向，云服务器作为云计算的核心基础设施，为企业提供了弹性、高效、安全的服务，本文将带领大家从零开始，通过开源代码搭建自己的云服务器。

准备工作

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硬件环境

（1）服务器：一台高性能的服务器，如Intel Xeon、AMD EPYC等；

（2）存储：大容量硬盘，如SSD或HDD；

（3）网络：千兆以上带宽，确保网络稳定；

（4）操作系统：Linux系统，如CentOS、Ubuntu等。

软件环境

（1）开源云平台：如OpenStack、KVM、OpenVZ等；

（2）虚拟化技术：如KVM、Xen、VMware等；

（3）网络设备：交换机、路由器等。

搭建步骤

系统安装

（1）选择合适的Linux发行版，如CentOS 7；

（2）按照官方教程安装操作系统，配置网络、防火墙等；

（3）更新系统源，确保软件包最新。

安装开源云平台

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以OpenStack为例,以下是搭建步骤：

（1）安装OpenStack依赖包：

yum install -y openstack-pkg-config

（2）安装OpenStack组件：

yum install -y openstack-dashboard openstack-keystone openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-openvswitch openstack-quantum-api openstack-quantum-dhcp-agent openstack-quantum-l3-agent openstack-quantum-metadata-agent openstack-quantum-openvswitch-agent openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-notification openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry openstack-keystone-auth openstack-keystone-paste openstack-keystone-wsgi openstack-sahara-api openstack-sahara-engine openstack-sahara-scheduler

（3）配置OpenStack组件：

（4）初始化OpenStack：

openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql://root:root@localhost/keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf token driver pdki
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf admin_token admin
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql://root:root@localhost/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api_paste_config paste.config
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url http://localhost:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron shared_secret neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://localhost:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf database connection mysql://root:root@localhost/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf api_paste_config paste.config
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf neutron url http://localhost:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf neutron shared_secret neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-conductor/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf database connection mysql://root:root@localhost/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf api_paste_config paste.config
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf neutron url http://localhost:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf neutron shared_secret neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-novncproxy/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf database connection mysql://root:root@localhost/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf api_paste_config paste.config
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:auth_url http://localhost:5000 v2:username admin v2:password admin v2:project_name admin v2:project_domain_name default v2:user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf neutron url http://localhost:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy true
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf neutron shared_secret neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf glance api_servers http://localhost:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf libvirt libvirt_use_virtio_for_bridges=True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen 0.0.0.0
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova-compute/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_addr =

（5）启动服务：

systemctl start openstack-keystone openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-neutron openstack-quantum-api openstack-quantum-dhcp-agent openstack-quantum-l3-agent openstack-quantum-metadata-agent openstack-quantum-openvswitch-agent openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-notification openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry

（6）创建用户、项目、角色：

openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt admin
openstack role create admin
openstack role add --project service --user admin admin
openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service
openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt demo
openstack role create user
openstack role add --project service --user demo user
openstack project create --domain default --description "Demo Project" demo

（7）创建内部网络：

openstack network create --internal --subnet-range 192.168.1.0/24 demo_net
openstack subnet create --network demo_net --allocation-pool start=192.168.1.2,end=192.168.1.254 --gateway 192.168.1.1 demo_subnet
openstack router create demo_router
openstack router add subnet demo_router demo_subnet
openstack router set --external-gateway public demo_router

（8）创建外部网络：

openstack network create --external public
openstack subnet create --network public --subnet-range 192.168.2.0/24 public_subnet
openstack router create public_router
openstack router add subnet public_router public_subnet

验证搭建

（1）访问OpenStack仪表盘：

http://localhost:5000/v3/

（2）创建虚拟机：

openstack server create --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros --key-name mykey demo_vm

（3）查看虚拟机状态：

openstack server list

通过以上步骤,我们已经成功搭建了一个基于开源代码的云服务器，在实际应用中，可以根据需求添加更多功能，如备份、监控、自动化部署等，希望本文对您有所帮助。