linux服务器配置查看命令，Linux服务器配置查看全攻略，常用命令及实战解析

Linux服务器配置查看攻略，涵盖常用命令实战解析，助您轻松掌握服务器配置查看技巧。

Linux服务器作为当今企业级应用的核心，其配置信息的查看对于系统管理员来说至关重要，通过对服务器配置信息的了解，管理员可以更好地优化系统性能、排查故障以及进行日常维护，本文将详细介绍Linux服务器配置查看的相关命令，并附上实战解析，帮助您快速掌握这一技能。

常用命令及实战解析

1、查看CPU信息

命令：cat /proc/cpuinfo

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的CPU型号、核心数、缓存大小等信息。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 79
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 v3 @ 2.50GHz
stepping        : 4
microcode       : 0x4000044
cpu MHz         : 2499.000
BogoMIPS        : 4998.00
cache size      : 20480 KB
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 13
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm ida arat pln pts
bogomips        : 4998.00
clflush size    : 64
power management:

2、查看内存信息

命令：free -m

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的物理内存、交换空间等信息。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           16384        15088         6196          0         1248        9600
Swap:            0          0          0

3、查看硬盘信息

命令：df -h

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的磁盘空间占用情况。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        50G  46G  4.0G  94% /
devtmpfs        1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /run
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /tmp
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /var/run
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /var/lock
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /var/cache
tmpfs           1.9G      0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/pstore

4、查看网络接口信息

命令：ifconfig

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的网络接口信息，包括IP地址、子网掩码、广播地址等。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe03:9e4a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:50:56:c0:03:9e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 3464886  bytes 285815860 (272.2 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 386514  bytes 25495860 (24.4 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 648  bytes 35800 (34.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 648  bytes 35800 (34.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

5、查看进程信息

命令：ps -ef

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的进程信息，包括进程ID、父进程ID、用户、CPU占用率、内存占用等信息。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 23:23 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/init
root         2     0  0 23:23 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 23:23 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         5     2  0 23:23 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
...

6、查看系统信息

命令：uname -a

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的系统信息，包括内核版本、架构、主机名等。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# uname -a
Linux server 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 6 16:59:30 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

7、查看系统负载

命令：uptime

解析：该命令可以查看服务器的系统负载，包括1分钟、5分钟、15分钟的平均负载。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# uptime
 23:23:23 up  4:44,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

8、查看服务状态

命令：systemctl status 服务名

解析：该命令可以查看指定服务的状态，包括服务启动时间、运行时间、进程信息等。

实战示例：

[root@server ~]# systemctl status httpd
   Unit          httpd.service has been activated and started on Sat, 17 Nov 2018 23:28:30 +0800.
   ActiveState   active
   LastFailure   Sun 2018-11-11 14:19:23 CST; 4min 34s ago
   LastFailureType  config-file
   UnitActiveSec  4min 34s
   UnitSubState   running
   JobStartSec    Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30 +0800
   JobLastFailure Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30 +0800
   JobLastFailureType config-file
   JobLastSuccess Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30 +0800
   UnitLoadActive 0
   UnitLoadInactiveSec 0
   UnitReloadActive 0
   UnitReloadInactiveSec 0
   UnitStopActive 0
   UnitStopInactiveSec 0
   MainPID        22617
   SubState       running
   UnitConfPath   /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service
   UnitPath       /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
   UnitFileState  loaded
   ActiveEnterTimestamp  Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30.595454710 +0800
   ActiveExitTimestamp  Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30.595454710 +0800
   UnitMovieActive 0
   UnitMovieInactiveSec 0
   UnitMovieTimestamp  Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30.595454710 +0800
   TransientUnitActive 0
   TransientUnitInactiveSec 0
   TransientUnitTimestamp  Sat 2018-11-17 23:28:30.595454710 +0800
   TransientUnitFileState  loaded
   TransientUnitPath   /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
   TransientUnitConfPath   /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service
   DynamicUser  root
   DynamicIP   127.0.0.1
   DynamicPath   /usr/sbin/httpd
   DynamicArguments   -DFOREGROUND
   UnitsChanged   0
   UnitsRemaining   0
   UnitsClaimed   0
   JobChanged   0
   JobRemaining   0
   JobClaimed   0
   ServiceManagerPID   1
   ServiceManagerFD   3
   ServiceManagerExec   /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
   CodeOwner   root
   CodeOwnerUID   0
   CodePath   /usr/sbin/httpd
   CodeExecStart   /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
   CodeExecReload   /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND -k graceful
   CodeExecStop   /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND -k graceful
   CodeExecRestart   /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND -k graceful
   CodeExecStartPre   []
   CodeExecStopPre   []
   CodeExecReloadPre   []
   CodeExecStartPost   []
   CodeExecStopPost   []
   CodeExecRestartPost   []
   CodeExecFailure   []
   CodeExecSuccess   []
   CodeExecTimeout   []
   CodeExecRetry   []
   CodeExecTimeoutSec   30
   CodeExecRetrySec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecStartSec   0
   CodeExecStopSec   0
   CodeExecReloadSec   0
   CodeExecRestartSec   0
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecSuccessExitStatus   0
   CodeExecSuccessExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecSuccessExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecFailureExitStatus   256
   CodeExecFailureExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecFailureExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecReloadExitStatus   256
   CodeExecReloadExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecReloadExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecStopExitStatus   256
   CodeExecStopExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecStopExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecRestartExitStatus   256
   CodeExecRestartExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecRestartExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPreStartExitStatus   0
   CodeExecPreStartExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPreStartExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPreStopExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPreStopExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPreStopExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPreReloadExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPreReloadExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPreReloadExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPreRestartExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPreRestartExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPreRestartExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPostStartExitStatus   0
   CodeExecPostStartExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPostStartExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPostStopExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPostStopExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPostStopExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPostReloadExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPostReloadExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPostReloadExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecPostRestartExitStatus   256
   CodeExecPostRestartExitStatusSec   0
   CodeExecPostRestartExitStatusMax   0
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryMaxSec   30
   CodeExecRetryMax   5
   CodeExecRetryInterval   30
   CodeExecRetryIntervalSec   30