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swift 对象,Swift对象存储搭建指南,从基础到进阶

swift 对象,Swift对象存储搭建指南,从基础到进阶

Swift对象存储搭建指南,涵盖从基础到进阶的全面教程。深入探讨Swift对象存储原理,逐步构建高效存储解决方案,助力开发者提升应用性能与稳定性。...

swift对象存储搭建指南,涵盖从基础到进阶的全面教程。深入探讨Swift对象存储原理,逐步构建高效存储解决方案,助力开发者提升应用性能与稳定性。

随着移动互联网的快速发展,数据存储需求日益增长,Swift作为苹果公司推出的新一代编程语言,具有高效、安全、易用等特点,在Swift项目中,对象存储是必不可少的环节,本文将为您详细讲解Swift对象存储的搭建过程,从基础到进阶,助您轻松掌握Swift对象存储技术。

Swift对象存储概述

1、定义

Swift对象存储是指将Swift项目中的对象(如数据模型、图片、视频等)持久化存储到本地或远程服务器,以便在应用运行过程中进行访问和读取。

swift 对象,Swift对象存储搭建指南,从基础到进阶

2、分类

(1)本地存储:将对象存储在设备本地,如文件系统、SQLite数据库等。

(2)远程存储:将对象存储在远程服务器,如云存储、第三方存储服务等。

Swift对象存储搭建步骤

1、准备工作

(1)创建一个新的Swift项目。

(2)安装必要的库,如CoreData、FMDB、SDWebImage等。

2、本地存储搭建

(1)使用CoreData

CoreData是苹果公司提供的一种数据持久化框架,可以将对象存储在SQLite数据库中。

1)在Xcode项目中,选择File > New > File,创建一个新的Objective-C class,命名为“Model”。

2)在Model类中,定义数据模型属性,如:

swift 对象,Swift对象存储搭建指南,从基础到进阶

@objcMembers class Model: NSObject {
    var id: NSNumber!
    var name: String!
    var age: NSNumber!
}

3)在Xcode项目中,选择File > New > File,创建一个新的Objective-C class,命名为“AppDelegate”。

4)在AppDelegate类中,设置CoreData堆栈:

import CoreData
@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
    var window: UIWindow?
    lazy var persistentContainer: NSPersistentContainer = {
        let container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "Model")
        container.loadPersistentStores(completionHandler: { (storeDescription, error) in
            if let error = error as? NSError {
                // Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
                // fatalError() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
                let nsError = error as NSError
                fatalError("Unresolved error (nsError), (nsError.userInfo)")
            }
        })
        return container
    }()
    func saveContext () {
        let context = persistentContainer.viewContext
        if context.hasChanges {
            do {
                try context.save()
            } catch {
                // Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
                // fatalError() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
                let nsError = error as NSError
                fatalError("Unresolved error (nsError), (nsError.userInfo)")
            }
        }
    }
}

5)在Model类中,创建一个全局方法用于获取CoreData堆栈:

class func getPersistentContainer() -> NSPersistentContainer {
    return (UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate).persistentContainer
}

6)在Model类中,创建一个方法用于添加数据:

class func addData(id: NSNumber, name: String, age: NSNumber) {
    let context = getPersistentContainer().viewContext
    let model = NSEntityDescription.insertNewObject(forEntityName: "Model", into: context) as! Model
    model.id = id
    model.name = name
    model.age = age
    saveContext()
}

7)在Model类中,创建一个方法用于查询数据:

class func fetchData() -> [Model] {
    let context = getPersistentContainer().viewContext
    let fetchRequest = NSFetchRequest<NSFetchRequestResult>(entityName: "Model")
    do {
        let results = try context.fetch(fetchRequest)
        return results as! [Model]
    } catch {
        return []
    }
}

(2)使用FMDB

FMDB是Objective-C的一个轻量级SQLite数据库框架,支持Swift项目。

1)在Xcode项目中,选择File > New > File,创建一个新的Objective-C class,命名为“FMDBManager”。

2)在FMDBManager类中,创建一个方法用于创建数据库:

import FMDB
class FMDBManager {
    static let shared = FMDBManager()
    private let database: FMDatabase
    init() {
        let path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "database", ofType: "sqlite")
        database = FMDatabase(path: path)
    }
    func openDatabase() -> Bool {
        return database.open()
    }
    func closeDatabase() {
        database.close()
    }
    func createTable() {
        let createTableSQL = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS model (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)"
        if database.open() {
            do {
                try database.executeUpdate(createTableSQL, withArgumentsIn: [])
            } catch {
                print("Error creating table: (error.localizedDescription)")
            }
            database.close()
        }
    }
    func addData(id: Int, name: String, age: Int) {
        let insertSQL = "INSERT INTO model (id, name, age) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"
        if database.open() {
            do {
                try database.executeUpdate(insertSQL, withArgumentsIn: [id, name, age])
            } catch {
                print("Error inserting data: (error.localizedDescription)")
            }
            database.close()
        }
    }
    func fetchData() -> [(Int, String, Int)] {
        let fetchSQL = "SELECT * FROM model"
        var results: [(Int, String, Int)] = []
        if database.open() {
            do {
                let resultSet = try database.executeQuery(fetchSQL, withArgumentsIn: [])
                while resultSet.next() {
                    let id = resultSet.int(forColumn: "id")
                    let name = resultSet.string(forColumn: "name")
                    let age = resultSet.int(forColumn: "age")
                    results.append((id, name!, age))
                }
            } catch {
                print("Error fetching data: (error.localizedDescription)")
            }
            database.close()
        }
        return results
    }
}

3、远程存储搭建

(1)使用云存储

swift 对象,Swift对象存储搭建指南,从基础到进阶

云存储服务如阿里云OSS、腾讯云COS等,提供便捷的远程存储解决方案。

1)注册云存储服务,获取AccessKey和SecretKey。

2)在Xcode项目中,选择File > New > File,创建一个新的Swift class,命名为“CloudStorage”。

3)在CloudStorage类中,使用云存储SDK进行封装:

import OSSSDK
class CloudStorage {
    static let shared = CloudStorage()
    private let bucketName: String
    private let region: OSSRegionType
    private let OSSClient: OSSClient
    init(bucketName: String, region: OSSRegionType) {
        self.bucketName = bucketName
        self.region = region
        OSSClient = OSSClient.init(region: region, endpoint: "https://(region.rawValue).oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com")
    }
    func uploadFile(path: String, fileName: String, progress: @escaping (Double) -> Void, completion: @escaping (Bool, Error?) -> Void) {
        let uploadManager = OSSUploadManager.init(client: OSSClient)
        uploadManager.uploadFile(path: path, bucketName: bucketName, objectName: fileName) { (result, error) in
            if let error = error {
                completion(false, error)
            } else {
                completion(true, nil)
            }
        }
    }
    func downloadFile(bucketName: String, objectName: String, savePath: String, progress: @escaping (Double) -> Void, completion: @escaping (Bool, Error?) -> Void) {
        let downloadManager = OSSDownloadManager.init(client: OSSClient)
        downloadManager.downloadFile(bucketName: bucketName, objectName: objectName, savePath: savePath) { (result, error) in
            if let error = error {
                completion(false, error)
            } else {
                completion(true, nil)
            }
        }
    }
}

(2)使用第三方存储服务

第三方存储服务如LeanCloud、百度云等,提供丰富的API和SDK,方便开发者使用。

1)注册第三方存储服务,获取App Key和App ID。

2)在Xcode项目中,选择File > New > File,创建一个新的Swift class,命名为“ThirdPartyStorage”。

3)在ThirdPartyStorage类中,使用第三方存储服务SDK进行封装:

import LeanCloud
class ThirdPartyStorage {
    static let shared = ThirdPartyStorage()
    private let appKey: String
    private let appID: String
    private let client: AVClient
    init(appKey: String, appID: String) {
        self.appKey = appKey
        self.appID = appID
        client = AVClient.init(appID: appID, appKey: appKey)
    }
    func uploadFile(path: String, fileName: String, progress: @escaping (Double) -> Void, completion: @escaping (Bool, Error?) -> Void) {
        let file = AVFile(name: fileName, localFilePath: path)
        file.upload(progressBlock: { (bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite) in
            let progress = Double(bytesWritten) / Double(totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
            progress?(progress)
        }, completionBlock: { (result, error) in
            if let error = error {
                completion(false, error)
            } else {
                completion(true, nil)
            }
        })
    }
    func downloadFile(objectID: String, savePath: String, progress: @escaping (Double) -> Void, completion: @escaping (Bool, Error?) -> Void) {
        let object = AVObject(className: "File", objectID: objectID)
        object.getData { (result, error) in
            if let error = error {
                completion(false, error)
            } else {
                let data = result as! Data
                try? data.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: savePath))
                completion(true, nil)
            }
        }
    }
}

本文详细介绍了Swift对象存储的搭建过程,包括本地存储和远程存储,通过学习本文,您可以掌握Swift对象存储的基本知识,并将其应用到实际项目中,在后续的学习中,您可以进一步了解Swift对象存储的高级应用,如数据同步、数据加密等,祝您在Swift开发领域取得优异成绩!

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