kvm虚拟机配置网络，KVM虚拟机网络模式详解及配置指南

KVM虚拟机网络配置详解，涵盖网络模式及配置指南。本文详细介绍KVM虚拟机网络配置过程，包括网络模式选择、网络设备配置、网络桥接等关键步骤，帮助用户高效搭建虚拟机网络环境。

KVM虚拟机网络模式概述

KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）是一种开源的虚拟化技术，可以实现在Linux内核中创建和运行虚拟机，在KVM虚拟机中，网络配置是至关重要的，它决定了虚拟机与宿主机、其他虚拟机以及外部网络之间的通信，KVM提供了多种网络模式，以满足不同场景下的需求。

KVM虚拟机网络模式

1、桥接模式（Bridge）

桥接模式是最常用的网络模式，它将虚拟机网络适配器连接到一个物理网络桥接器上，使得虚拟机可以像物理主机一样拥有独立的IP地址，并与外部网络进行通信，在桥接模式下，虚拟机可以访问宿主机上的共享文件夹、打印机等资源。

2、NAT模式（Network Address Translation）

NAT模式是一种常见的网络模式，它将虚拟机网络适配器连接到宿主机的NAT网络中，在NAT模式下，虚拟机无法直接访问外部网络，而是通过宿主机的网络接口进行通信，虚拟机获取的IP地址为私有IP地址，需要通过宿主机的端口映射才能访问外部网络。

3、内部网络模式（Internal）

内部网络模式是一种隔离的网络模式，它将虚拟机连接到一个内部网络中，在这个网络中，虚拟机之间可以互相通信，但无法访问外部网络，内部网络模式适用于需要隔离不同虚拟机之间的通信场景。

4、仅主机模式（Host-only）

仅主机模式是一种完全隔离的网络模式，它将虚拟机网络适配器连接到宿主机的虚拟网络中，在这个网络中，虚拟机只能与宿主机通信，无法访问外部网络，仅主机模式适用于需要完全隔离虚拟机与宿主机通信的场景。

5、用户定义网络模式（User-defined Network）

用户定义网络模式允许用户自定义虚拟机网络，包括网络名称、IP地址段、子网掩码等，用户可以创建多个用户定义网络，将虚拟机连接到不同的网络中。

KVM虚拟机网络配置指南

1、桥接模式配置

（1）创建物理网络桥接器：在宿主机上，使用以下命令创建物理网络桥接器。

sudo brctl addbr br0
sudo brctl addif br0 eth0

（2）配置虚拟机网络：在虚拟机配置文件中，设置网络模式为“桥接”，并指定桥接器名称。

vncdisplay :1
vncgeometry 1024x768
vncdepth 24
vncpixfmt rgb24
vncsecure
name = "kvm"
memory = 2048
vcpus = 2
cpu_mode = "host-passthrough"
apic = "on"
hpet = "on"
clock = "utc"
on_poweroff = "destroy"
on_reboot = "restart"
on_crash = "destroy"
usb.redirect = "yes"
usb.tablesize = "30"
vncport = "5900"
vncpassword = "password"
virtio0 BootsDev = "idehd0"
virtio0 BootProto = "hd"
virtio0 BootIndex = "0"
virtio0 BootOrder = "1"
virtio0 Type = "ide"
virtio0 IOBase = "0x1f0"
virtio0 IOMem = "0x7c00"
virtio0 IOLen = "0x1000"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x1"
virtio0 Driver = "qemuvirtio"
virtio0 Model = "virtio"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vda"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdb"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdc"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdd"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vde"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdf"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdg"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdh"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdi"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdj"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdk"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdl"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdm"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdn"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdo"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdp"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdq"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdr"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vds"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdt"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdu"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdv"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdw"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdx"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdy"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdz"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vda"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdb"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdc"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdd"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vde"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdf"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdg"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdh"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdi"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdj"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdk"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdl"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdm"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdn"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdo"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdp"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdq"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdr"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vds"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdt"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdu"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdv"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdw"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdx"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdy"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdz"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vda"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdb"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdc"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdd"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vde"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdf"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdg"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdh"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdi"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdj"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdk"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdl"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdm"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0 File = "/dev/vdn"
virtio0 Bus = "0x1"
virtio0 Device = "0x0"
virtio0 Driver = "virtio-scsi"
virtio0 Hotplug = "on"
virtio0