kvm虚拟机教程，深入浅出KVM虚拟机教程，从入门到精通

本教程深入浅出地讲解KVM虚拟机，涵盖从入门到精通的全面知识，帮助读者轻松掌握KVM虚拟机操作。

KVM简介

KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）是一种基于Linux内核的虚拟化技术，它允许在一台物理机上运行多个虚拟机，KVM虚拟化技术具有高效、稳定、安全等特点，广泛应用于云计算、服务器虚拟化等领域。

KVM安装与配置

1、安装KVM

（1）安装操作系统：在物理机上安装一个支持KVM的Linux操作系统，如CentOS 7。

（2）安装KVM内核模块：在终端中执行以下命令，安装KVM内核模块。

sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-python virt-install

（3）启动并使能KVM服务：在终端中执行以下命令，启动并使能KVM服务。

sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

2、配置KVM

（1）查看KVM虚拟机列表：在终端中执行以下命令，查看当前KVM虚拟机列表。

virsh list --all

（2）创建虚拟机：使用virt-install命令创建虚拟机，以下是一个示例：

virt-install --name=kvm_test --ram 1024 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img,size=20 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --graphics none --console pty,target_type=serial

（3）连接到虚拟机：在终端中执行以下命令，连接到虚拟机。

virt-viewer --connect qemu:///system --name kvm_test

KVM虚拟机管理

1、启动虚拟机

在终端中执行以下命令，启动虚拟机。

virsh start kvm_test

2、停止虚拟机

在终端中执行以下命令，停止虚拟机。

virsh shutdown kvm_test

3、重启虚拟机

在终端中执行以下命令，重启虚拟机。

virsh reboot kvm_test

4、删除虚拟机

在终端中执行以下命令，删除虚拟机。

virsh destroy kvm_test
virsh undefine kvm_test
rm -rf /var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img

KVM性能优化

1、调整虚拟机内存：在虚拟机配置文件中，调整内存大小。

virsh edit kvm_test

2、调整虚拟机CPU：在虚拟机配置文件中，调整CPU核心数。

virsh edit kvm_test

3、使用磁盘缓存：在虚拟机配置文件中，开启磁盘缓存。

<disk type='file' device='disk'>
  <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vdc' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vdd' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vde' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vdf' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vgf' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vgg' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vhf' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vhg' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vif' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vih' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vik' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vil' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vim' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vin' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='vio' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virtio'/>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/kvm_test.img'/>
  <target dev='ipv' bus='virt