kvm虚拟机性能调优，深入解析KVM虚拟机启动参数，性能调优与实战技巧

深入解析KVM虚拟机启动参数及性能调优实战技巧，本篇将详细探讨KVM虚拟机性能调优方法，帮助读者掌握提升虚拟机性能的关键策略。

KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）作为Linux内核的一种虚拟化技术，以其高性能、低资源消耗等特点，被广泛应用于服务器虚拟化领域，在KVM虚拟机中，启动参数的设置对于虚拟机的性能至关重要，本文将深入解析KVM虚拟机的启动参数，探讨如何进行性能调优，并提供实战技巧。

KVM虚拟机启动参数概述

KVM虚拟机的启动参数主要包括以下几类：

1、CPU相关参数

2、内存相关参数

3、网络相关参数

4、磁盘相关参数

5、其他通用参数

以下将分别对这几类参数进行详细解析。

CPU相关参数

1、查看CPU型号和性能

   egrep ^model /proc/cpuinfo

2、设置虚拟CPU核心数

   -cpu [smp|cores=<num>][,threads=<num>][,<sockets=<num>]]

smp表示启用对称多处理（SMP），cores表示虚拟CPU核心数，threads表示每个核心的线程数，sockets表示物理CPU插槽数。

3、设置CPU亲和性

   -cpu-affinity=<cpus>

cpus表示虚拟CPU的亲和性，可以是单个CPU ID，也可以是多个CPU ID的组合。

内存相关参数

1、设置内存分配策略

   -mem [size=<size>][,split=<num>][,maxmem=<size>][,mem-path=<path>][,mem-access=<mode>][,mem-prealloc=<num>][,mem-shares=<num>][,mem-slab-flags=<flags>][,mem-isolate=<num>][,mem-sharing=<mode>][,mem-backend=<backend>]

size表示分配给虚拟机的内存大小，split表示内存分配策略，maxmem表示虚拟机最大内存大小，mem-path表示内存文件路径，mem-access表示内存访问模式，mem-prealloc表示预分配内存大小，mem-shares表示内存共享比例，mem-slab-flags表示内存slab标志，mem-isolate表示内存隔离，mem-sharing表示内存共享模式，mem-backend表示内存后端。

2、设置内存交换文件

   -swap [size=<size>][,path=<path>][,alloc=<num>][,max=<num>]

size表示交换文件大小，path表示交换文件路径，alloc表示分配交换文件大小，max表示最大交换文件大小。

网络相关参数

1、设置虚拟网络设备

   -netdev <name> [type=<type>][,script=<script>][,mac=<mac>][,mode=<mode>][,bridge=<bridge>][,vlan=<vlan>][,model=<model>][,mcast=<mcast>][,mode=<mode>][,onboot=<onboot>][,user=<user>][,group=<group>][,ip=<ip>][,netmask=<netmask>][,gw=<gw>][,dns=<dns>][,hostname=<hostname>][,domain=<domain>][,iface=<iface>][,vlanif=<vlanif>][,vni=<vni>][,tunnel=<tunnel>][,macaddr=<macaddr>][,script=<script>][,script-path=<script-path>][,script-format=<script-format>][,script-data=<script-data>][,script-failure=<script-failure>][,script-success=<script-success>][,script-timeout=<script-timeout>][,script-delay=<script-delay>][,script-args=<script-args>][,script-args-file=<script-args-file>][,script-args-empty=<script-args-empty>][,script-args-file-empty=<script-args-file-empty>][,script-args-optional=<script-args-optional>][,script-args-optional-file=<script-args-optional-file>][,script-args-optional-file-empty=<script-args-optional-file-empty>][,script-args-optional-empty=<script-args-optional-empty>][,script-args-empty-file=<script-args-empty-file>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-optional-empty-file=<script-args-optional-empty-file>][,script-args-optional-empty-file-empty=<script-args-optional-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-optional-empty-file-empty=<script-args-optional-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-file-empty=<script-args-empty-file-empty>][,script-args-empty-f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